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- When the Greek astronomer Hipparchus (c. 190 - 120 BC) compared his own
- measurements to those 150 years older, he noticed that the position of the stars
- had changed about two degrees. The explanation was that the Earth's axis slowly
- draws a circle just like a fast spinning top. Hipparchus also noticed that the
- Sun's motion in the sky is not even throughout the year, i.e. the Sun moves
- faster in the winter and slower in the summer. As an explanation he suggested
- the epicycle, which had been developed earlier to explain irregularities in
- circular motions. (The first one to propose epicycles was Apollonius of Perga in
- the third century BC.)
-
- The Greek astronomer Ptolemy (c. 100 178 AD) published a 13-volume astronomical
- treatise called the 'Almagest'. In its preface he, like Aristotle before him,
- described a geocentric universe where stars moved along the surfaces of crystal
- spheres of varying size. Ptolemy refined Hipparchus' epicycle theory (Ptolemy
- had 80 epicycles in all).
-